Oxidation dyeing composition for keratin fibres comprising a cationic poly(vinyllactam)

ABSTRACT

The invention relates to an oxidation-dyeing composition for keratin fibres, in particular for human keratin fibres and more specifically hair, comprising at least one oxidation dye and a cationic poly(vinyllactam) in a medium suitable for dyeing The invention also relates to the dyeing methods and devices using said composition.

[0001] The present invention relates to a composition for the oxidationdyeing of keratin fibers, in particular human keratin fibers and moreparticularly hair, comprising at least one oxidation dye and at leastone cationic poly(vinyllactam).

[0002] It is known to dye keratin fibers, and in particular human hair,with dyeing compositions containing oxidation dye precursors, generallycalled “oxidation bases”, in particular ortho- orpara-phenylenediamines, ortho- or para-aminophenols, and heterocyclicbases.

[0003] Oxidation dye precursors are compounds initially only slightlycolored or not colored which develop their dyeing power in the hair inthe presence of oxidizing agents, leading to the formation of coloredcompounds. The formation of these colored compounds results either fromoxidative condensation of the “oxidation bases” with themselves, oroxidative condensation of the “oxidation bases” with color modifyingcompounds, or “couplers”, which are generally present in the dyeingcompositions used in oxidation dyeing and are represented moreparticularly by meta-phenylenediamines, meta-aminophenols andmeta-diphenols, and certain heterocyclic compounds.

[0004] The variety of molecules used, which consist, on the one hand, of“oxidation bases” and on the other hand, of “couplers”, allows a veryrich palette of colors to be obtained.

[0005] To confine the oxidation dyeing product upon application to thehair so that it does not run over the face or outside the areas which itis desired to dye, use has up until now been made of traditionalthickeners such as crosslinked polyacrylic acid, hydroxyethylcelluloses,certain polyurethanes, waxes or mixtures of nonionic surfactants havingan HLB (Hydrophilic Lipophilic Balance), which, suitably chosen, producea gelling effect when they are diluted with water and/or surfactants.

[0006] However, the applicant has observed that the abovementionedthickening systems do not make it possible to obtain intense andchromatic shades of low selectivity and good fastness while offering agood cosmetic condition to the treated hair. Moreover, it has also beenobserved that the ready-to-use dyeing compositions containing theoxidation dye(s), and the thickening systems of the prior art do notallow a sufficiently precise application without running or drops inviscosity over time.

[0007] However, after extensive research carried out on the subject, theapplicant has just now discovered that it is possible to obtainready-to-use oxidation dyeing compositions which do not run andtherefore remain well confined to the site of application, and whichalso make it possible to obtain intense and chromatic (radiant) shadeswith low selectivities and good fastness towards chemical agents(shampoo, permanent waving and the like) or natural agents (light,perspiration and the like) while offering the hair good cosmeticproperties, if there is introduced (i) either into the compositioncontaining the oxidation dye(s) and optionally the coupler(s) [orcomposition A], or (ii) into the oxidizing composition [or compositionB], or (iii) into both compositions at the same time, an effectivequantity of a cationic poly(vinyllactam).

[0008] These discoveries form the basis of the present invention.

[0009] The subject of the present invention is thus a composition forthe oxidation dyeing of keratin fibers, in particular human keratinfibers, and in particular hair, comprising, in an appropriate dyeingmedium, at least one oxidation dye, which is characterized in that itadditionally contains at least one cationic poly(vinyllactam).

[0010] Another subject of the invention relates to a ready-to-usecomposition for dyeing keratin fibers which contains at least oneoxidation dye and at least one cationic poly(vinyllactam) as definedbelow and an oxidizing agent.

[0011] The expression “ready-to-use composition” is understood to mean,for the purposes of the invention, the composition intended to beapplied as it is to keratin fibers, that is to say that it can be storedas it is before use or be obtained from the fresh mixing of two or morecompositions.

[0012] The invention also relates to a method for dyeing keratin fibers,and in particular human keratin fibers such as hair, consisting inapplying to the fibers at least one composition A containing, in anappropriate dyeing medium, at least one oxidation dye, the color beingdeveloped at alkaline, neutral or acidic pH with the aid of acomposition B containing at least one oxidizing agent which is mixedjust at the time of use with the composition A or which is appliedsequentially without intermediate rinsing, at least one cationicpoly(vinyllactam) as defined below being present in the composition A orin the composition B or in each of the compositions A and B.

[0013] The subject of the invention is also multicompartment dyeingdevices or “kits”.

[0014] A 2-compartment device according to the invention comprises acompartment containing a composition A1 containing, in an appropriatedyeing medium, at least one oxidation dye, and another compartmentcontaining a composition B1 containing, in an appropriate dyeing medium,an oxidizing agent, the cationic poly(vinyllactam) polymer as definedbelow being present in the composition A1 or the composition B1, or ineach of the compositions A1 and B1.

[0015] Another device, with 3 compartments according to the invention,comprises a first compartment containing a composition A2 containing, inan appropriate dyeing medium, at least one oxidation dye, a secondcompartment containing a composition B2 containing, in an appropriatedyeing medium, at least one oxidizing agent, and a third compartmentcontaining a composition C containing, in an appropriate dyeing medium,at least one cationic poly(vinyllactam) polymer as defined below, itbeing also possible for the composition A2 and/or the composition B2 tocontain a cationic poly(vinyllactam) polymer as defined below.

[0016] However, other characteristics, aspects, subjects and advantagesof the invention will appear more clearly on reading the description andthe examples which follow.

[0017] Without wishing to be bound by any theory, it would appear thatthe advantages provided by the cationic poly(vinyllactams) according tothe present invention and as defined below are related to a behavior ofassociative type thickening polymers.

[0018] Associative polymers are polymers whose molecules are capable, inthe formulation medium, of combining with each other or with moleculesof other compounds.

[0019] Their chemical structure generally comprises at least onehydrophilic region and at least one hydrophobic region, the hydrophobicregion(s) comprising at least one fatty chain.

[0020] Cationic Polyvinyllactam Polymers According to the Invention

[0021] The cationic poly(vinyllactam) polymers according to theinvention comprise:

[0022] a) at least one monomer of the vinyllactam or alkylvinyllactamtype;

[0023] b) at least one monomer having the following structures (I) or(II):

[0024] in which:

[0025] X denotes an oxygen atom or a radical NR₆,

[0026] R₁ and R₆ denote, independently of each other, a hydrogen atom ora linear or branched C₁-C₅ alkyl radical,

[0027] R₂ denotes a linear or branched C₁-₄ alkyl radical, R₃, R₄ and R₅denote, independently of each other, a hydrogen atom, a linear orbranched C₁-C₃₀ alkyl radical or a radical of formula (III):

—(Y₂)_(r)—(CH₂—CH(R₇)—O)_(x)—R₈  (III)

[0028] Y, Y₁ and Y₂ denote, independently of each other, a linear orbranched C₂-C₁₆ alkylene radical,

[0029] R₇ denotes a hydrogen atom, or a linear or branched C₁-C₄ alkylradical or a linear or branched C₁-C₄ hydroxyalkyl radical,

[0030] R₈ denotes a hydrogen atom or a linear or branched C₁-C₃₀ alkylradical,

[0031] p, q and r denote, independently of each other, either the valuezero, or the value 1,

[0032] m and n denote, independently of each other, an integer rangingfrom 0 to 100,

[0033] x denotes an integer ranging from 1 to 100,

[0034] Z denotes an organic or inorganic acid anion, provided that:

[0035] at least one of the substituents R₃, R₄, R₅ or R₈ denotes alinear or branched C₉-C₃₀ alkyl radical,

[0036] if m or n is different from zero, then q is equal to 1,

[0037] if m or n are equal to zero, then p or q is equal to 0.

[0038] The cationic poly(vinyllactam) polymers according to theinvention may be crosslinked or noncrosslinked and may also be blockpolymers.

[0039] Preferably, the counterion Z⁻ of the monomers of formula (I) ischosen from halide ions, phosphate ions, methosulfate ion, tosylate ion.

[0040] Preferably, R₃, R₄ and R₅ denote, independently of each other, ahydrogen atom or a linear or branched C₁-C₃₀ alkyl radical.

[0041] More preferably, the monomer b) is a monomer of formula (I) forwhich, still more preferably, m and n are equal to zero.

[0042] The vinyllactam or alkylvinyllactam monomer is preferably acompound having the structure (IV):

[0043] in which:

[0044] s denotes an integer ranging from 3 to 6,

[0045] R₉ denotes a hydrogen atom or a C₁-C₅ alkyl radical,

[0046] R₁₀ denotes a hydrogen atom or a C₁-C₅ alkyl radical, providedthat at least one of the radicals R₉ and R₁₀ denotes a hydrogen atom.

[0047] Still more preferably, the monomer (IV) is vinylpyrrolidone.

[0048] The cationic poly(vinyllactam) polymers according to theinvention may also contain one or more additional, preferably cationicor nonionic, monomers.

[0049] As compounds which are more particularly preferred according tothe invention, there may be mentioned the following terpolymerscomprising at least:

[0050] a)—one monomer of formula (IV),

[0051] b)—one monomer of formula (I) in which p=1, q=0, R₃ and R₄denote, independently of each other, a hydrogen atom or a C₁-C₅ alkylradical and R₅ denotes a C₉-C₂₄ alkyl radical, and

[0052] c)—one monomer of formula (II) in which R₃ and R₄ denote,independently of each other, a hydrogen atom or a C₁-C₅ alkyl radical.

[0053] Still more preferably, there will be used the terpolymerscomprising, by weight, 40 to 95% of monomer (a), 0.1 to 55% of monomer(c) and 0.25 to 50% of monomer (b). Such polymers are described inpatent application WO-00/68282 whose content forms an integral part ofthe invention.

[0054] As cationic poly(vinyllactam) polymers according to theinvention, there are used in particular the terpolymersvinylpyrrolidone/dimethylaminopropylmethacrylamide/dodecyldimethylmethacrylamidopropylammoniumtosylate, the terpolymersvinylyrrolidone/dimethylaminopropylmethacrylamide/cocoyldimethylmethacrylamidopropylammoniumtosylate, the terpolymersvinylpyrrolidone/dimethylaminopropylmethacrylamide/lauryldimethylmethacrylamidopropylammoniumtosylate or chloride.

[0055] The weight-average molecular mass of the cationicpoly(vinyllactam) polymers according to the present invention ispreferably between 500 and 20 000 000. It is more particularly between200 000 and 2 000 000 and still more preferably between 400 000 and 800000.

[0056] In the dyeing composition according to the invention, thecationic poly(vinyllactam) or poly(vinyllactams) described above arepreferably used in a quantity which may vary from about 0.01 to 10% byweight of the total weight of the composition. More preferably, thisquantity varies from about 0.1 to 5% by weight.

[0057] Oxidation Dyes

[0058] The oxidation dyes which can be used according to the inventionare chosen from oxidation bases and/or couplers.

[0059] Preferably, the compositions according to the invention containat least one oxidation base.

[0060] The oxidation bases which can be used in the context of thepresent invention are chosen from those conventionally known inoxidation dyeing, and among which there may be mentioned in particularortho- and para-phenylenediamines, double bases, ortho- andpara-aminophenols, the following heterocyclic bases as well as theiraddition salts with an acid.

[0061] There may be mentioned in particular:

[0062] (A) the para-phenylenediamines of the following formula (IV) andtheir addition salts with an acid:

[0063] in which:

[0064] R₁ represents a hydrogen atom, a C₁-C₄ alkyl radical, amonohydroxy(C₁-C₄ alkyl) radical, a polyhydroxy(C₂-C₄ alkyl) radical, a(C₁-C₄)alkoxy(C₁-C₄)alkyl radical, a C₁-C₄ alkyl radical substitutedwith a nitrogen-containing group, a phenyl radical or a 4′-aminophenylradical;

[0065] R₂ represents a hydrogen atom, a C₁-C₄ alkyl radical, amonohydroxy(C₁-C₄ alkyl) radical or a polyhydroxy-(C₂-C₄ alkyl) radical,a (C₁-C₄)alkoxy(C₁-C₄)alkyl radical or a C₁-C₄ alkyl radical substitutedwith a nitrogen-containing group;

[0066] R₁ and R₂ may also form with the nitrogen atom carrying them a 5-or 6-membered nitrogen-containing heterocycle optionally substitutedwith one or more alkyl, hydroxyl or ureido groups;

[0067] R₃ represents a hydrogen atom, a halogen atom such as a chlorineatom, a C₁-C₄ alkyl radical, a sulfo radical, a carboxyl radical, amonohydroxy(C₁-C₄ alkyl) radical or a hydroxy(C₁-C₄ alkoxy) radical, anacetylamino(C₁-C₄ alkoxy) radical, a mesylamino(C₁-C₄ alkoxy) radical ora carbamoylamino(C₁-C₄ alkoxy) radical,

[0068] R₄ represents a hydrogen or halogen atom or a C₁-C₄ alkylradical.

[0069] Among the nitrogen-containing groups of formula (IV) above, theremay be mentioned in particular the amino, mono(C₁-C₄)alkylamino,(C₁-C₄)dialkylamino, (C₁-C₄)trialkylamino, monohydroxy(C₁-C₄)alkylamino,imidazolinium and ammonium radicals.

[0070] Among the para-phenylenediamines of formula (IV) above, there maybe mentioned more particularly para-phenylenediamine,para-tolylenediamine, 2-chloro-para-phenylenediamine,2,3-dimethyl-para-phenylenediamine, 2,6-dimethyl-para-phenylenediamine,2,6-diethyl-para-phenylenediamine, 2,5-dimethyl-para-phenylenediamine,N,N-dimethyl-para-phenylenediamine, N,N-diethyl-para-phenylenediamine,N,N-dipropyl-para-phenylenediamine, 4-amino-N,N-diethyl-3-methylaniline,N,N-bis(β-hydroxyethyl)-para-phenylenediamine,4-N,N-bis(β-hydroxyethyl)amino-2-methylaniline,4-N,N-bis(β-hydroxyethyl)amino-2-chloroaniline,2-β-hydroxyethyl-para-phenylenediamine, 2-fluoro-para-phenylenediamine,2-isopropyl-para-phenylenediamine,N-(β-hydroxypropyl)-para-phenylenediamine,2-hydroxymethyl-para-phenylenediamine,N,N-dimethyl-3-methyl-para-phenylenediamine,N,N-(ethyl-β-hydroxyethyl)-para-phenylenediamine, N-(β,γ-dihydroxypropyl)-para-phenylenediamine,N-(4′-aminophenyl)-para-phenylenediamine,N-phenyl-para-phenylenediamine,2-β-hydroxyethyloxy-para-phenylenediamine,2-β-acetylaminoethyloxy-para-phenylenediamine,N-(β-methoxyethyl)-para-phenylenediamine,2-methyl-1-N-β-hydroxyethyl-para-phenylenediamine and their additionsalts with an acid.

[0071] Among the para-phenylenediamines of formula (IV) above, there aremost particularly preferred para-phenylenediamine, para-tolylenediamine,2-isopropyl-para-phenylenediamine,2-β-hydroxyethyl-para-phenylenediamine,2-β-hydroxyethyloxy-para-phenylenediamine,2,6-dimethyl-para-phenylenediamine, 2,6-diethyl-para-phenylenediamine,2,3-dimethyl-para-phenylenediamine,N,N-bis(β-hydroxyethyl)-para-phenylenediamine,2-chloro-para-phenylenediamine and their addition salts with an acid.

[0072] (B) According to the invention, “double bases” is understood tomean the compounds containing at least two aromatic rings on which aminoand/or hydroxyl groups are carried.

[0073] Among the double bases which can be used as oxidation bases inthe dyeing compositions in accordance with the invention, there may bementioned in particular the compounds corresponding to the followingformula (V), and their addition salts with an acid:

[0074] in which:

[0075] Z₁ and Z₂, which are identical or different, represent a hydroxylor —NH₂ radical which may be substituted with a C₁-C₄ alkyl radical orwith a linking arm Y;

[0076] the linking arm Y represents a linear or branched alkylene chaincomprising from 1 to 14 carbon atoms, which may be interrupted by orwhich may end with one or more nitrogen-containing groups and/or one ormore heteroatoms such as oxygen, sulfur or nitrogen atoms, andoptionally substituted with one or more hydroxyl or C₁-C₆ alkoxyradicals;

[0077] R₅ and R₆ represent a hydrogen or halogen atom, a C₁-C₄ alkylradical, a monohydroxy(C₁-C₄ alkyl) radical, a polyhydroxy(C₂-C₄ alkyl)radical, an amino(C₁-C₄ alkyl) radical or a linking arm Y;

[0078] R₇, R₈, R₉, R₁₀, R₁₁ and R₁₂, which are identical or different,represent a hydrogen atom, a linking arm Y or a C₁-C₄ alkyl radical;

[0079] it being understood that the compounds of formula (V) containonly one linking arm Y per molecule.

[0080] Among the nitrogen-containing groups of formula (V) above, theremay be mentioned in particular the amino, mono(C₁-C₄)alkylamino,(C₁-C₄)dialkylamino, (C₁-C₄)trialkylamino, monohydroxy(C₁-C₄)alkylamino,imidazolinium and ammonium radicals.

[0081] Among the double bases of formulae (V) above, there may bementioned more particularlyN,N′-bis(β-hydroxyethyl)-N,N′-bis(4′-aminophenyl)-1,3-diaminopropanol,N,N′-bis(β-hydroxyethyl)-N,N′-bis(4′-aminophenyl)ethylenediamine,N,N′-bis(4-aminophenyl)-tetramethylenediamine,N,N′-bis(β-hydroxyethyl)-N,N′-bis(4-aminophenyl)tetramethylenediamine,N,N′-bis(4-methylaminophenyl)tetramethylenediamine,N,N′-bis(ethyl)-N,N′-bis(4′-amino-3′-methylphenyl)ethylenediamine,1,8-bis(2,5-diaminophenoxy)-3,5-dioxaoctane, and their addition saltswith an acid.

[0082] Among these double bases of formula (V), N,N′-bis(β-hydroxyethyl)-N,N′-bis(4′-aminophenyl)-1,3-diaminopropanol,1,8-bis(2,5-diaminophenoxy)-3,5-dioxaoctane or one of their additionsalts with an acid are particularly preferred.

[0083] (C) the para-aminophenols corresponding to the following formula(VI), and their addition salts with an acid:

[0084] in which:

[0085] R₁₃ represents a hydrogen atom, a halogen atom such as fluorine,a C₁-C₄ alkyl, monohydroxy(C₁-C₄ alkyl), (C₁-C₄)alkoxy(C₁-C₄)alkyl oramino(C₁-C₄ alkyl) or hydroxy(C₁-C₄)alkylamino(C₁-C₄ alkyl) radical,

[0086] R₁₄ represents a hydrogen atom or a halogen atom such asfluorine, a C₁-C₄ alkyl, monohydroxy(C₁-C₄ alkyl), polyhydroxy(C₂-C₄alkyl), amino(C₁-C₄ alkyl), cyano(C₁-C₄ alkyl) or(C₁-C₄)alkoxy(C₁-C₄)alkyl radical.

[0087] Among the para-aminophenols of formula (VI) above, there may bementioned more particularly para-aminophenol, 4-amino-3-methylphenol,4-amino-3-fluorophenol, 4-amino-3-hydroxymethylphenol,4-amino-2-methylphenol, 4-amino-2-hydroxymethylphenol,4-amino-2-methoxymethylphenol, 4-amino-2-aminomethylphenol,4-amino-2-(β-hydroxyethylaminomethyl)phenol, and their addition saltswith an acid.

[0088] (D) the ortho-aminophenols which can be used as oxidation basesin the context of the present invention are in particular chosen from2-aminophenol, 2-amino-1-hydroxy-5-methylbenzene,2-amino-1-hydroxy-6-methylbenzene, 5-acetamido-2-aminophenol, and theiraddition salts with an acid.

[0089] (E) among the heterocyclic bases which can be used as oxidationbases in the dyeing compositions in accordance with the invention, theremay be mentioned more particularly pyridine derivatives, pyrimidinederivatives, pyrazole derivatives, and their addition salts with anacid.

[0090] Among the pyridine derivatives, there may be mentioned moreparticularly the compounds described for example in Patents GB 1,026,978and GB 1,153,196, such as 2,5-diaminopyridine,2-(4-methoxyphenyl)amino-3-aminopyridine, 2,3-diamino-6-methoxypyridine,2-(β-methoxyethyl)amino-3-amino-6-methoxypyridine, 3,4-diaminopyridine,and their addition salts with an acid.

[0091] Among the pyrimidine derivatives, there may be mentioned moreparticularly the compounds described for example in German Patent DE2,359,399 or Japanese Patents JP 88-169,571 and JP 91-10659 or patentapplications WO 96/15765, such as 2,4,5,6-tetra-aminopyrimidine,4-hydroxy-2,5,6-triaminopyrimidine, 2-hydroxy-4,5,6-triaminopyrimidine,2,4-dihydroxy-5,6-diaminopyrimidine, 2,5,6-triaminopyrimidine, and thepyrazolopyrimidine derivatives such as those mentioned in PatentApplication FR-A-2,750,048 and among which there may be mentionedpyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidine-3,7-diamine;2,5-dimethylpyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidine-3,7-diamine;pyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidine-3,5-diamine;2,7-dimethylpyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidine-3,5-diamine;3-aminopyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidin-7-ol;3-aminopyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidin-5-ol;2-(3-aminopyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidin-7-ylamino)ethanol;2-(7-aminopyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidin-3-ylamino)ethanol;2-[(3-aminopyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidin-7-yl)(2-hydroxyethyl)amino]ethanol;2-[(7-aminopyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidin-3-yl)(2-hydroxyethyl)amino]ethanol;5,6-dimethylpyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidine-3,7-diamine;2,6-dimethylpyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidine-3,7-diamine;2,5,N7,N7-tetramethylpyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidine-3,7-diamine;3-amino-5-methyl-7-imidazolylpropylaminopyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidine; andtheir addition salts and their tautomeric forms, when a tautomericequilibrium exists and their addition salts with an acid.

[0092] Among the pyrazole derivatives, there may be mentioned moreparticularly the compounds described in Patents DE 3,843,892, DE4,133,957 and patent applications WO 94/08969, WO 94/08970,FR-A-2,733,749 and DE 195 43 988 such as 4,5-diamino-1-methylpyrazole,3,4-diaminopyrazole, 4,5-diamino-1-(4′-chlorobenzyl)-pyrazole,4,5-diamino-1,3-dimethylpyrazole, 4,5-diamino-3-methyl-l-phenylpyrazole,4,5-diamino-1-methyl-3-phenylpyrazole,4-amino-1,3-dimethyl-5-hydrazinopyrazole,1-benzyl-4,5-diamino-3-methylpyrazole,4,5-diamino-3-tert-butyl-1-methylpyrazole,4,5-diamino-1-tert-butyl-3-methylpyrazole,4,5-diamino-1-(β-hydroxyethyl)-3-methylpyrazole,4,5-diamino-1-(β-hydroxyethyl)pyrazole,4,5-diamino-1-ethyl-3-methylpyrazole,4,5-diamino-1-ethyl-3-(4′-methoxyphenyl)pyrazole,4,5-diamino-1-ethyl-3-hydroxymethylpyrazole,4,5-diamino-3-hydroxymethyl-1-methylpyrazole,4,5-diamino-3-hydroxymethyl-1-isopropylpyrazole,4,5-diamino-3-methyl-1-isopropylpyrazole,4-amino-5-(2′-aminoethyl)amino-1,3-dimethylpyrazole,3,4,5-triaminopyrazole, 1-methyl-3,4,5-triaminopyrazole,3,5-diamino-1-methyl-4-methylaminopyrazole,3,5-diamino-4-(β-hydroxyethyl)amino-1-methylpyrazole, and their additionsalts with an acid.

[0093] According to the present invention, the oxidation basespreferably represent from 0.0005 to 12% by weight approximately of thetotal weight of the composition and more preferably still from 0.005 to8% by weight approximately of this weight.

[0094] The couplers which can be used in the dyeing method according tothe invention are those conventionally used in oxidation dyeingcompositions, that is to say meta-aminophenols, meta-phenylenediamines,meta-diphenols, naphthols and heterocyclic couplers such as for exampleindole derivatives, indoline derivatives, sesamol and its derivatives,pyridine derivatives, pyrazolotriazole derivatives, pyrazolones,indazoles, benzimidazoles, benzothiazoles, benzoxazoles,1,3-benzodioxoles, quinolines and their addition salts with an acid.

[0095] These couplers are more particularly chosen from2,4-diamino-1-(β-hydroxyethyloxy)benzene, 2-methyl-5-aminophenol,5-N-(β-hydroxyethyl)amino-2-methylphenol, 3-aminophenol,1,3-dihydroxybenzene, 1,3-dihydroxy-2-methylbenzene,4-chloro-1,3-dihydroxybenzene,2-amino-4-(β-hydroxyethylamino)-1-methoxybenzene, 1,3-diaminobenzene,1,3-bis(2,4-diaminophenoxy)propane, sesamol,1-amino-2-methoxy-4,5-methylenedioxybenzene, α-naphthol,6-hydroxyindole, 4-hydroxyindole, 4-hydroxy-N-methylindole,6-hydroxyindoline, 2,6-dihydroxy-4-methylpyridine,1-H-3-methylpyrazol-5-one, 1-phenyl-3-methylpyrazol-5-one,2-amino-3-hydroxypyridine, 3,6-dimethylpyrazolo[3,2-c]-1,2,4-triazole,2,6-dimethylpyrazolo[1,5-b]-1,2,4-triazole and their addition salts withan acid.

[0096] When they are present, these couplers preferably represent from0.0001 to 10% by weight approximately of the total weight of thecomposition, and more preferably still from 0.005 to 5% by weightapproximately.

[0097] In general, the addition salts with an acid of the oxidationbases and couplers are in particular chosen from hydrochlorides,hydrobromides, sulfates and tartrates, lactates and acetates.

[0098] The composition according to the invention may also contain, inaddition to the oxidation dyes defined above, direct dyes in order toenrich the shades with glints. These direct dyes may then in particularbe chosen from neutral, cationic or anionic nitro, azo or anthraquinonedyes in the proportion by weight of about 0.001 to 20% and preferablyfrom 0.01 to 10% of the total weight of the composition.

[0099] The composition A and/or the composition B may in addition moreparticularly contain at least one amphoteric polymer or one cationicpolymer different from the cationic poly(vinyllactams) according to thepresent invention.

[0100] Cationic Polymers Different from Those of the Invention

[0101] For the purposes of the present invention, the expression“cationic polymer” denotes any polymer containing cationic groups and/orgroups which can be ionized to cationic groups.

[0102] The cationic polymers which can be used in accordance with thepresent invention may be chosen from all those already known per se toimprove the cosmetic properties of hair, namely in particular thosedescribed in patent application EP-A-337 354 and in French patentsFR-2,270,846, 2,383,660, 2,598,611, 2,470,596 and 2,519,863.

[0103] The preferred cationic polymers are chosen from those whichcontain units comprising primary, secondary, tertiary and/or quaternaryamino groups which may either form part of the principal polymericchain, or which may be carried by a side substituent directly linkedthereto.

[0104] The cationic polymers used generally have a number-averagemolecular mass of between 500 and 5×10⁶ approximately, and preferablybetween 10³ and 3.10⁶ approximately.

[0105] Among the cationic polymers, there may be mentioned moreparticularly the polymers of the polyamine, polyamino amide andquaternary polyammonium type.

[0106] They are known products. They are described in particular inFrench patents No. 2,505,348 or 2,542,997. Among said polymers, theremay be mentioned:

[0107] (1) the homopolymers or copolymers derived from acrylic ormethacrylic esters or amides and comprising at least one of the units ofthe following formulae (VII), (VIII), (IX) or (X):

[0108] in which:

[0109] R₃, which are identical or different, denote a hydrogen atom or aCH₃ radical;

[0110] A, which are identical or different, represent a linear orbranched alkyl group of 1 to 6 carbon atoms, preferably 2 or 3 carbonatoms or a hydroxyalkyl group of 1 to 4 carbon atoms;

[0111] R₄, R₅, R₆, which are identical or different, represent an alkylgroup having from 1 to 18 carbon atoms or a benzyl radical andpreferably an alkyl group having from 1 to 6 carbon atoms;

[0112] R₁ and R₂, which are identical or different, represent hydrogenor an alkyl group having from 1 to 6 carbon atoms and preferably methylor ethyl;

[0113] X denotes an anion derived from an inorganic or organic acid suchas a methosulfate anion or a halide such as chloride or bromide.

[0114] The polymers of the family (1) may contain, in addition, one ormore units derived from comonomers which may be chosen from the familyof acrylamides, methacrylamides, diacetone acrylamides, acrylamides andmethacrylamides substituted on the nitrogen with lower (C₁-C₄)alkyls,acrylic or methacrylic acids or esters thereof, vinyllactams such asvinylpyrrolidone or vinylcaprolactam, vinyl esters.

[0115] Thus, among these polymers of the family (1), there may bementioned:

[0116] the copolymers of acrylamide and dimethylamino-ethyl methacrylatequaternized with dimethyl sulfate or with a dimethyl halide such as thatsold under the name HERCOFLOC® by the company HERCULES,

[0117] the copolymers of acrylamide andmethacryloyloxyethyltrimethylammonium chloride described, for example,in patent application Eβ-A-080976 and sold under the name BINA QUAT P100® by the company CIBA GEIGY,

[0118] the copolymer of acrylamide andmethacryloyloxyethyltrimethylammonium methosulfate sold under the nameRETEN® by the company HERCULES,

[0119] the vinylpyrrolidone/dialkylaminoalkyl acrylate or methacrylatecopolymers, quaternized or otherwise, such as the products sold underthe name “GAFQUAT®” by the company ISP such as for example “GAFQUAT 734”or “GAFQUAT 755” or alternatively the products called “COPOLYMER 845®,958® and 937®”. These polymers are described in detail in French Patents2,077,143 and 2,393,573,

[0120] the dimethylaminoethylmethacrylate/vinylcaprolactam/vinylpyrrolidone terpolymers such as theproduct sold under the name GAFFIX VC 713® by the company ISP,

[0121] the vinylpyrrolidone/methacrylamidopropyldimethylamine copolymersmarketed in particular under the name STYLEZE CC 10® by ISP,

[0122] and the quaternized vinylpyrrolidone/dimethylaminopropylmethacrylamide copolymers such as the product sold under the name“GAFQUAT® HS 100” by the company ISP.

[0123] (2) The cellulose ether derivatives comprising quaternaryammonium groups, described in French Patent 1,492,597, and in particularthe polymers marketed under the names “JR®” (JR 400, JR 125, JR 30M) or“LR®” (LR 400, LR 30M) by the company Union Carbide Corporation. Thesepolymers are also defined in the CTFA dictionary as hydroxyethylcellulose quaternary ammoniums which have reacted with an epoxidesubstituted by a trimethylammonium group.

[0124] (3) Cationic cellulose derivatives such as cellulose copolymersor cellulose derivatives grafted with a quaternary ammoniumwater-soluble monomer, and described especially in U.S. Pat. No.4,131,576, such as hydroxyalkyl celluloses like hydroxymethyl,hydroxyethyl or hydroxypropyl celluloses grafted especially with amethacryloylethyltrimethylammonium,methacrylamidopropyltrimethylammonium or dimethyldiallylammonium salt.

[0125] The commercialized products corresponding to this definition aremore particularly the products sold under the name “Celquat® L 200” and“Celquat® H 100” by the company National Starch.

[0126] (4) The cationic polysaccharides described more particularly inU.S. Pat. Nos. 3,589,578 and 4,031,307 such as guar gums containingcationic trialkylammonium groups. Guar gums modified with a2,3-epoxypropyltrimethylammonium salt (e.g. chloride) are for exampleused.

[0127] Such products are marketed in particular under the trade namesJAGUAR® C13 S, JAGUAR® C 15, JAGUAR® C 17 or JAGUAR® C162 by the companyMEYHALL.

[0128] (5) Polymers consisting of piperazinyl units and of alkylene orhydroxyalkylene divalent radicals with straight or branched chains,optionally interrupted by oxygen, sulfur or nitrogen atoms or byaromatic or heterocyclic rings, as well as the oxidation and/orquaternization products of these polymers. Such polymers are describedespecially in French patents 2,162,025 and 2,280,361.

[0129] (6) Water-soluble polyaminoamides prepared in particular bypolycondensation of an acid compound with a polyamine; thesepolyaminoamides may be crosslinked with an epihalohydrin, a diepoxide, adianhydride, an unsaturated dianhydride, a diunsaturated derivative, abishalohydrin, a bisazetidinium, a bishaloacyldiamine, an alkylbishalideor else with an oligomer resulting from the reaction of a difunctionalcompound which is reactive towards a bishalohydrin, a bisazetidinium, abishaloacyldiamine, an alkylbishalide, an epihalohydrin, a diepoxide ora diunsaturated derivative; the crosslinking agent being employed inproportions ranging from 0.025 to 0.35 mol per amine group of thepolyaminoamide; these polyaminoamides may be alkylated or, if theyinclude one or more tertiary amine functional groups, quaternized. Suchpolymers are described especially in French Patents 2,252,840 and2,368,508.

[0130] (7) Polyaminoamide derivatives resulting from the condensation ofpolyalkylenepolyamines with polycarboxylic acids, followed by analkylation with difunctional agents. There may be mentioned, forexample, the adipic acid—dialkylaminohydroxyalkyldialkylenetriaminepolymers in which the alkyl radical contains from 1 to 4 carbon atomsand preferably denotes methyl, ethyl or propyl. Such polymers aredescribed especially in French Patent 1,583,363.

[0131] Among these derivatives there may be mentioned more particularlythe adipic acid/dimethyl-aminohydroxypropyl/diethylenetriamine polymerssold under the name “Cartaretine® F, F4 or F8” by the company Sandoz.

[0132] (8) Polymers obtained by reaction of a polyalkylenepolyaminecontaining two primary amine groups and at least one secondary aminegroup with a dicarboxylic acid chosen from diglycolic acid and saturatedaliphatic dicarboxylic acids containing from 3 to 8 carbon atoms. Themolar ratio of the polyalkylenepolyamine to the dicarboxylic acid beingbetween 0.8:1 and 1.4:1; the polyaminoamide resulting therefrom beingmade to react with epichlorohydrin in a molar ratio of epichlorohydrinrelative to the secondary amine group of the polyaminoamide of between0.5:1 and 1.8:1. Such polymers are described especially in AmericanPatents 3,227,615 and 2,961,347.

[0133] Polymers of this type are marketed in particular under the name“Hercosett® 57” by the company Hercules Inc. or else under the name of“PD 170®” or “Delsette 101®” by the company Hercules in the case of thecopolymer of adipic acid/epoxypropyl/diethylenetriamine.

[0134] (9) Cyclopolymers of alkyldiallylamine or ofdialkyldiallylammonium, such as the homopolymers or copolymerscomprising, as main constituent of the chain, units corresponding to theformulae (XI) or (XII):

[0135] in which formulae k and t are equal to 0 or 1, the sum k+t beingequal to 1; R₉ denotes a hydrogen atom or a methyl radical; R₇ and R₈,independently of each other, denote an alkyl group containing from 1 to22 carbon atoms, a hydroxyalkyl group in which the alkyl grouppreferably has 1 to 5 carbon atoms, or a lower (C₁-C₄)amidoalkyl groupor R₇ and R₈ may denote, jointly with the nitrogen atom to which theyare attached, heterocyclic groups such as piperidinyl or morpholinyl;

[0136] R₇ and R₈, independently of each other, preferably denote analkyl group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms; Y⁻ is an anion such as bromide,chloride, acetate, borate, citrate, tartrate, bisulfate, bisulfite,sulfate or phosphate. These polymers are described especially in FrenchPatent 2,080,759 and in its certificate of addition 2,190,406.

[0137] Among the polymers defined above there may be mentioned moreparticularly the dimethyldiallylammonium chloride homopolymer sold underthe name “Merquat® 100” by the company Calgon (and its homologs of lowweight-average molecular masses) and the copolymers ofdiallyldimethylammonium chloride and acrylamide marketed under the name“MERQUAT® 550”.

[0138] (10) The quaternary diammonium polymer containing repeat unitscorresponding to the formula:

[0139] formula (XIII) in which:

[0140] R₁₀, R₁₁, R₁₂ and R₁₃, which are identical or different,represent aliphatic, alicyclic or arylaliphatic radicals containing from1 to 20 carbon atoms or lower hydroxyalkyl aliphatic radicals, or elseR₁₀, R₁₁, R₁₂ and R₁₃, together or separately, form, with the nitrogenatoms to which they are attached, heterocyclic rings optionallycontaining a second heteroatom other than nitrogen, or else R₁₀, R₁₁,R₁₂ and R₁₃ denote a linear or branched C₁-C₆ alkyl radical substitutedby a nitrile, ester, acyl, amide or —CO—O—R₁₄-D or —CO—NH—R₁₄-D groupwhere R₁₄ is an alkylene and D a quaternary ammonium group;

[0141] A₁ and B₁ represent polymethylene groups containing from 2 to 20carbon atoms which may be linear or branched, saturated or unsaturatedand which may contain, bonded to or inserted into the main chain, one ormore aromatic rings, or one or more oxygen or sulfur atoms or sulfoxide,sulfone, disulfide, amino, alkylamino, hydroxyl, quaternary ammonium,ureido, amide or ester groups, and

[0142] X⁻ denotes an anion derived from an inorganic or organic acid;

[0143] A1, R₁₀ and R₁₂, with the two nitrogen atoms to which they areattached, may form a piperazine ring; in addition if A1 denotes asaturated or unsaturated, linear or branched alkylene or hydroxyalkyleneradical, B1 may also denote a group —(CH₂)_(n)—CO—D—OC—(CH₂)_(n)— inwhich n is between 1 and 100, and preferably between 1 and 50, and Ddenotes:

[0144] a) a glycol residue of formula: —O—Z—O—, where Z denotes a linearor branched hydrocarbon radical or a group corresponding to one of thefollowing formulae:

—(CH₂—CH₂—O)_(x)—CH₂—CH₂—

—[CH₂—CH(CH₃)—O]_(y)—CH₂—CH(CH₃)—

[0145] where x and y denote an integer from 1 to 4, representing adefined and unique degree of polymerization or any number from 1 to 4representing a mean degree of polymerization;

[0146] b) a disecondary diamine residue such as a piperazine derivative;

[0147] c) a diprimary diamine residue of formula: —NH—Y—NH—, where Ydenotes a linear or branched hydrocarbon radical or else the divalentradical

—CH₂—CH₂—S—S—CH₂—CH₂—;

[0148] d) a ureylene group of formula: —NH—CO—NH—;

[0149] X⁻ is preferably an anion such as chloride or bromide.

[0150] These polymers have a number-average molecular mass which isgenerally between 1000 and 100 000.

[0151] Polymers of this type are described especially in French Patents2,320,330, 2,270,846, 2,316,271, 2,336,434 and 2,413,907 and U.S. Pat.Nos. 2,273,780, 2,375,853, 2,388,614, 2,454,547, 3,206,462, 2,261,002,2,271,378, 3,874,870, 4,001,432, 3,929,990, 3,966,904, 4,005,193,4,025,617, 4,025,627, 4,025,653, 4,026,945 and 4,027,020.

[0152] It is possible to use more particularly the polymers whichconsist of repeat units corresponding to the following formula (XIV):

[0153] in which R₁₀, R₁₁, R₁₂ and R₁₃, which are identical or different,denote an alkyl or hydroxyalkyl radical having from 1 to 4 carbon atomsapproximately, n and p are integers varying from 2 to 20 approximatelyand X⁻ is an anion derived from an inorganic or organic acid.

[0154] (11) The quaternary polyammonium polymers consisting of recurringunits of formula (XV):

[0155] in which p denotes an integer varying from 1 to 6 approximately,D may be zero or may represent a group —(CH₂)_(r)—CO— in which r denotesa number equal to 4 or to 7, X⁻ is an anion. Such polymers may beprepared according to the methods described in U.S. Pat. Nos. 4,157,388,4,702,906, 4,719,282. They are in particular described in PatentApplication EP-A-122 324.

[0156] Among these, there may be mentioned for example the products“Mirapole A 15”, “Mirapol® ADl”, “Mirapol® AZ1” and Mirapol® 175” soldby the company Miranol.

[0157] (12) Quaternary vinylpyrrolidone and vinylimidazole polymers suchas, for example, the products marketed under the names Luviquat® FC 905,FC 550 and FC 370 by the company B.A.S.F.

[0158] (13) Polyamines like the Polyquart H sold by Henkel, referencedunder the name of “Polyethylene Glycol (15) Tallow Polyamine” in theCTFA dictionary.

[0159] (14) The crosslinked polymers of methacryloyloxy(C₁-C₄alkyl)tri(C₁-C₄ alkyl)ammonium salts such as the polymers obtained byhomopolymerization of dimethylaminoethyl methacrylate quaternized withmethyl chloride, or by copolymerization of acrylamide withdimethylaminoethyl methacrylate quaternized with methyl chloride, thehomo or copolymerization being followed by crosslinking with a compoundcontaining olefinic unsaturation, in particular methylenebisacrylamide.More particularly, it is possible to employ a crosslinkedacrylamide/methacryloyloxyethyltrimethylammonium chloride copolymer(20/80 by weight) in the form of a dispersion containing 50% by weightof said copolymer in mineral oil. This dispersion is marketed under thename of “SALCARE® SC 92” by the company ALLIED COLLOIDS. It is alsopossible to employ a crosslinked methacryloyloxyethyltrimethylammoniumchloride homopolymer containing approximately 50% by weight of thehomopolymer in mineral oil or in a liquid ester. These dispersions aremarketed under the names of “SALCARE® SC 95” and “SALCARE® SC 96” by thecompany ALLIED COLLOIDS.

[0160] Other cationic polymers that may be employed within the scope ofthe invention are polyalkyleneimines, in particular polyethyleneimines,polymers containing vinylpyridine or vinylpyridinium units, condensatesof polyamines and of epichlorohydrin, quaternary polyureylenes andchitin derivatives.

[0161] Among all the cationic polymers which may be used in the contextof the present invention, it is preferable to use the polymers of thefamilies (1), (9), (10), (11) and (14) and more preferably still thepolymers with the recurring units of the following formulae (W) and (U):

[0162] and in particular those whose molecular weight, determined by gelpermeation chromatography, is between 9500 and 9900;

[0163] and in particular those whose molecular weight, determined by gelpermeation chromatography, is about 1200.

[0164] The additional cationic polymer(s) concentration in thecomposition according to the present invention may vary from 0.01 to 10%by weight relative to the total weight of the composition, preferablyfrom 0.05 to 5% and more preferably still from 0.1 to 3%.

[0165] Amphoteric Polymers

[0166] The amphoteric polymers which can be used in accordance with thepresent invention may be chosen from the polymers containing K and Munits distributed statistically in the polymer chain where K denotes aunit which is derived from a monomer containing at least one basicnitrogen atom and M denotes a unit which is derived from an acidicmonomer containing one or more carboxylic or sulfonic groups oralternatively K and M may denote groups which are derived fromzwitterionic monomers of carboxybetaines or of sulfobetaines;

[0167] K and M may also denote a cationic polymer chain containingprimary, secondary, tertiary or quaternary amine groups, in which atleast one of the amine groups carries a carboxylic or sulfonic grouplinked via a hydrocarbon radical or alternatively K and M form part of achain of a polymer with an α,β-dicarboxylic ethylene unit in which oneof the carboxylic groups has been caused to react with a polyaminecontaining one or more primary or secondary amine groups.

[0168] The amphoteric polymers corresponding to the definition givenabove which are more particularly preferred are chosen from thefollowing polymers:

[0169] 1) The polymers resulting from the copolymerization of a monomerderived from a vinyl compound carrying a carboxylic group such as moreparticularly acrylic acid, methacrylic acid, maleic acid,alpha-chloroacrylic acid, and of a basic monomer derived from asubstituted vinyl compound containing at least one basic atom such asmore particularly dialkylaminoalkyl methacrylate and acrylate,dialkylaminoalkylmethacrylamide and acrylamide. Such compounds aredescribed in American Patent No. 3,836,537. Mention may also be made ofthe sodium acrylate/acryamidopropyltrimethylammonium chloride copolymersold under the name POLYQUART KE® 3033 by the company HENKEL.

[0170] The vinyl compound may also be a dialkyldiallylammonium salt suchas dimethyldiallylammonium chloride. The copolymers of acrylic and ofthe latter monomer are offered under the names MERQUAT® 280, MERQUAT®295 and MERQUAT® PLUS 3330 by the company CALGON.

[0171] (2) The polymers containing units which are derived from:

[0172] a) at least one monomer chosen from acrylamides ormethacrylamides substituted on the nitrogen by an alkyl radical,

[0173] b) at least one acidic comonomer containing one or more reactivecarboxylic groups, and

[0174] c) at least one basic comonomer such as esters with primary,secondary, tertiary and quaternary amine substituents of acrylic andmethacrylic acids and the product of quaternization ofdimethylaminoethyl methacrylate with dimethyl or diethyl sulfate.

[0175] The N-substituted acrylamides or methacrylamides moreparticularly preferred according to the invention are groups whose alkylradicals contain from 2 to 12 carbon atoms and more particularlyN-ethylacrylamide, N-tert-butylacrylamide, N-tert-octylacrylamide,N-octylacrylamide, N-decylacrylamide, N-dodecylacrylamide as well as thecorresponding methacrylamides.

[0176] The acidic comonomers are chosen more particularly from acrylic,methacrylic, crotonic, itaconic, maleic and fumaric acids as well as thealkyl monoesters having 1 to 4 carbon atoms of maleic or fumaricanhydrides or acids.

[0177] The basic comonomers preferred are methacrylates of aminoethyl,butylaminoethyl, N,N′-dimethylaminoethyl, N-tert-butylaminoethyl.

[0178] Particularly used are the copolymers whose CTFA name (4th ed.1991) is Octylacrylamide/acrylates/butylaminoethylmethacrylate copolymersuch as the products sold under the name AMPHOMER® or LOVOCRYL® 47 bythe company NATIONAL STARCH.

[0179] (3) The partially or completely alkylated and crosslinkedpolyaminoamides derived from polyaminoamides of general formula:

CO—R₁₉—CO—Z  (XVI)

[0180] in which R₁₉ represents a divalent radical derived from asaturated dicarboxylic acid, a mono- or dicarboxylic aliphatic acid withethylenic double bond, an ester of a lower alkanol having 1 to 6 carbonatoms of these acids or a radical which is derived from the addition ofany one of said acids with a bis-primary or bis-secondary amine, and Zdenotes a radical of a bis-primary, mono- or bis-secondarypolyalkylene-polyamine and preferably represents:

[0181] a) in the proportions of 60 to 100 mol %, the radical

[0182] where x=2 and p=2 or 3, or alternatively x=3 and p=2 this radicalbeing derived from the diethylenetriamine, triethylenetetraamine ordipropylenetriamine;

[0183] b) in the proportions of 0 to 40 mol %, the radical (XVII) above,in which x=2 and p=1 and which is derived from ethylenediamine, or theradical which is derived from piperazine:

[0184] c) in the proportions of 0 to 20 mol %, the radical—NH—(CH₂)₆—NH— which is derived from hexamethylenediamine, thesepolyaminoamines being crosslinked by adding a bifunctional crosslinkingagent chosen from the epihalohydrins, diepoxides, dianhydrides,bis-unsaturated derivatives, by means of 0.025 to 0.35 mol ofcrosslinking agent per amine group of the polyaminoamide and alkylatedby the action of acrylic acid, chloroacetic acid or of an alkanesultoneor of their salts.

[0185] The saturated carboxylic acids are preferably chosen from theacids having 6 to 10 carbon atoms such as adipic, 2,2,4-trimethyladipicand 2,4,4-trimethyladipic acid, terephthalic acid, the acids with anethylene double bond such as for example acrylic, methacrylic anditaconic acids.

[0186] The alkanesultones used in the alkylation are preferably propaneor butanesultone, the salts of the alkylating agents are preferably thesodium or potassium salts.

[0187] 4) The polymers containing zwitterionic units of formula:

[0188] in which R₂₀ denotes a polymerizable unsaturated group such as anacrylate, methacrylate, acrylamide or methacrylamide group, y and zrepresent an integer from 1 to 3, R₂₁ and R₂₂ represent a hydrogen atom,methyl, ethyl or propyl, R₂₃ and R₂₄ represent a hydrogen atom or analkyl radical such that the sum of the carbon atoms in R₂₃ and R₂₄ doesnot exceed 10.

[0189] The polymers comprising such units may also comprise unitsderived from nonzwitterionic monomers such as dimethyl ordiethylaminoethyl acrylate or methacrylate or alkyl acrylates ormethacrylates, acrylamides or methacrylamides or vinyl acetate.

[0190] By way of example, there may be mentioned the copolymer of butylmethacrylate/dimethylcarboxymethylammonioethyl methacrylate such as theproduct sold under the name DIAFORMER Z301® by the company SANDOZ.

[0191] (5) The polymers derived from chitosan containing monomeric unitscorresponding to the following formulae (XIX), (XX), (XXI):

[0192] the (XIX) unit being present in proportions of between 0 and 30%,the (XX) unit in proportions of between 5 and 50% and the (XXI) unit inproportions of between 30 and 90%, it being understood that in this(XXI) unit, R₂₅ represents a radical of formula:

[0193] in which q denotes zero or 1;

[0194] if q=0, R₂₆, R₂₇ and R₂₈, which are identical or different, eachrepresent a hydrogen atom, a methyl, hydroxyl, acetoxy or amino residue,a monoalkylamine residue or a dialkylamine residue optionallyinterrupted by one or more nitrogen atoms and/or optionally substitutedwith one or more amine, hydroxyl, carboxyl, alkylthio or sulfonicgroups, or an alkylthio residue whose alkyl group carries an aminoresidue, at least one of the R₂₆, R₂₇ and R₂₈ radicals being in thiscase a hydrogen atom; or if q=1, R₂₆, R₂₇ and R₂₈ each represent ahydrogen atom, as well as the salts formed by these compounds with basesor acids.

[0195] (6) The polymers derived from the N-carboxyalkylation of chitosansuch as N-carboxymethyl chitosan or N-carboxybutyl chitosan sold underthe name “EVALSAN®” by the company JAN DEKKER.

[0196] (7) The polymers corresponding to the general formula (XXII) asdescribed for example in French Patent 1,400,366:

[0197] in which R₂₉ represents a hydrogen atom, a CH₃O, CH₃CH₂O orphenyl radical, R₃₀ denotes hydrogen or a lower alkyl radical such asmethyl or ethyl, R₃₁ denotes hydrogen or a lower alkyl radical such asmethyl or ethyl, R₃₂ denotes a lower alkyl radical such as methyl orethyl or a radical corresponding to the formula: —R₃₃—N(R₃₁)₂, R₃₃representing a group —CH₂—CH₂—, —CH₂—CH₂—CH₂— or —CH₂—CH(CH₃)—, R₃₁having the meanings mentioned above, as well as the higher homologs ofthese radicals and containing up to 6 carbon atoms r is such that themolecular weight is from 500 to 6 000 000 and preferably from 1000 to 1000 000.

[0198] (8) Amphoteric polymers of the —D—X—D—X— type chosen from:

[0199] a) the polymers obtained by the action of chloroacetic acid orsodium chloroacetate on the compounds containing at least one unit offormula:

—D—X—D—X—D—  (XXIII)

[0200] where D denotes a radical

[0201] and X denotes the symbol E or E′, E or E′, which are identical ordifferent, denote a bivalent radical which is an alkylene radical with alinear or branched chain containing up to 7 carbon atoms in theprincipal chain which is unsubstituted or substituted with hydroxylgroups and which may contain, in addition, oxygen, nitrogen or sulfuratoms, 1 to 3 aromatic and/or heterocyclic rings; the oxygen, nitrogenand sulfur atoms being present in the form of ether, thioether,sulfoxide, sulfone, sulfonium, alkylamine or alkenylamine groups, orhydroxyl, benzylamine, amine oxide, quaternary ammonium, amide, imide,alcohol, ester and/or urethane groups;

[0202] b) The polymers of formula:

—D—X—D—X—  (XXIV)

[0203] where D denotes a radical

[0204] and X denotes the symbol E or E′ and, at least once, E′; E havingthe meaning indicated above and E′ is a bivalent radical which is analkylene radical with a linear or branched chain having up to 7 carbonatoms in the principal chain, which is unsubstituted or substituted withone or more hydroxyl radicals and containing one or more nitrogen atoms,the nitrogen atom being substituted with an alkyl chain optionallyinterrupted by an oxygen atom and necessarily containing one or morecarboxyl functional groups or one or more hydroxyl functional groups andbetainized by reaction with chloroacetic acid or sodium chloroacetate.

[0205] (9) The copolymers (C₁-C₅)alkyl vinyl ether/maleic anhydridepartially modified by semiamidation with an N,N-dialkylaminoalkylaminesuch as N,N-dimethylaminopropylamine or by semiesterification with anN,N-dialkanolamine. These copolymers may also contain other vinylcomonomers such as vinylcaprolactam.

[0206] The amphoteric polymers particularly preferred according to theinvention are those of the family (1).

[0207] According to the invention, the additional amphoteric polymer(s)may represent from 0.01% to 10% by weight, preferably from 0.05% to 5%by weight, and still more preferably from 0.1% to 3% by weight, of thetotal weight of the composition.

[0208] The compositions of the invention preferably comprise one or moresurfactants.

[0209] The surfactant(s) may be equally well chosen, alone or in theform of mixtures, from anionic, amphoteric, nonionic, zwitterionic andcationic surfactants.

[0210] The surfactants which are suitable for carrying out the presentinvention are in particular the following:

[0211] (i) Anionic Surfactant(s):

[0212] By way of example of anionic surfactants which can be used, aloneor as mixtures, in the context of the present invention there may bementioned in particular (nonlimiting list) the salts (in particularalkali metal, especially sodium, salts, ammonium salts, amine salts,amino alcohol salts or magnesium salts) of the following compounds:alkyl sulfates, alkyl ether sulfates, alkylamido ether sulfates,alkylarylpolyether sulfates, monoglyceride sulfates; alkyl sulfonates,alkyl phosphates, alkylamidesulfonates, alkyl aryl sulfonates,α-olefinsulfonates, paraffinsulfonates; (C₆-C₂₄)alkyl sulfosuccinates,(C₆-C₂₄)alkyl ether sulfosuccinates, (C₆-C₂₄)alkylamide sulfosuccinates;(C₆-C₂₄)alkyl sulfoacetates; (C₆-C₂₄)acyl sarcosinates and (C₆-C₂₄)acylglutamates. It is also possible to use (C₆-C₂₄)alkyl polyglycosidecarboxylic esters such as alkyl glucoside citrates, alkyl polyglycosidetartrate and alkyl polyglycoside sulfosuccinates, alkylsulfosuccinamates; acyl isethionates and N-acyltaurates, the alkyl oracyl radical of all these various compounds preferably comprising from12 to 20 carbon atoms, and the aryl radical preferably denoting a phenylor benzyl group. Among the anionic surfactants which can still be used,there may also be mentioned the salts of fatty acids such as the saltsof oleic, ricinoleic, palmitic and stearic acids, the acids of copra oilor of hydrogenated copra oil; the acyllactylates whose acyl radicalcomprises 8 to 20 carbon atoms. It is also possible to use the alkylD-galactoside uronic acids and their salts, the polyoxyalkylenated(C₆-C₂₄)alkyl ether carboxylic acids, the polyoxyalkylenated(C₆-C₂₄)alkylaryl ether carboxylic acids, the polyoxyalkylenated(C₆-C₂₄)alkyl amido ether carboxylic acids and salts thereof, inparticular those comprising from 2 to 50 alkylene, in particularethylene, oxide groups, and mixtures thereof.

[0213] (ii) Nonionic Surfactant(s):

[0214] The nonionic surfactants themselves are also compounds which arewell known per se (in this respect see especially the “Handbook ofSurfactants” by M. R. Porter, published by Blackie & Son (Glasgow andLondon), 1991, pp. 116-178) and, in the context of the presentinvention, their nature does not assume any critical character. They canthus be chosen especially from (nonlimiting list) alcohols, alpha-diolsor polyethoxylated or polypropoxylated alkylphenols which have a fattychain containing, for example, 8 to 18 carbon atoms, it being possiblefor the number of ethylene oxide or propylene oxide groups to rangeespecially from 2 to 50. The copolymers of ethylene oxide and propyleneoxide and the condensates of ethylene oxide and propylene oxide withfatty alcohols may also be mentioned; the polyethoxylated fatty amidespreferably containing from 2 to 30 mol of ethylene oxide, thepolyglycerolated fatty amides containing on average 1 to 5 glycerolgroups and in particular 1.5 to 4; the polyethoxylated fatty aminespreferably containing 2 to 30 mol of ethylene oxide; the oxyethylenatedfatty acid esters of sorbitan containing from 2 to 30 mol of ethyleneoxide; the fatty acid esters of sucrose, the fatty acid esters ofpolyethylene glycol, alkylpolyglycosides, the N-alkylglucaminederivatives, amine oxides such as the oxides of (C₁₀-C₁₄)-alkylamines orthe N-acylaminopropylmorpholine oxides.

[0215] (iii) Amphoteric or Zwitterionic Surfactant(s):

[0216] The amphoteric or zwitterionic surfactants, the nature of whichis not of critical importance in the context of the present invention,may be especially (nonlimiting list) derivatives of aliphatic secondaryor tertiary amines in which the aliphatic radical is a linear orbranched chain containing 8 to 18 carbon atoms and containing at leastone water-solubilizing anionic group (for example carboxylate,sulfonate, sulfate, phosphate or phosphonate); (C₈-C₂₀) alkylbetaines,sulfobetaines, (C₈-C₂₀)alkylamido(C₁-C₆)alkylbetaines or(C₈-C₂₀)alkylamido(C₁-C₆)alkylsulfobetaines may further be mentioned.

[0217] Among the amine derivatives, there may be mentioned the productssold under the name MIRANOL, as described in patents U.S. Pat. No.2,528,378 and U.S. Pat. No. 2,781,354 and classified in the CTFAdictionary, 3rd edition, 1982, under the names Amphocarboxyglycinatesand Amphocarboxypropionates having the respective structures:

R₂—CONHCH₂CH₂—N(R₃)(R₄)(CH₂COO⁻)

[0218] in which: R₂ denotes an alkyl radical of an acid R₂—COOH presentin hydrolysed copra oil, a heptyl, nonyl or undecyl radical, R₃ denotesa beta-hydroxyethyl group and R₄ a carboxymethyl group;

[0219] and

[0220] R₂′—CONHCH₂CH₂—N (B) (C)

[0221] in which:

[0222] B represents —CH₂CH₂OX′, C represents —(CH₂)_(z)—Y′, with z=1 or2,

[0223] X′ denotes the —CH₂CH₂—COOH group or a hydrogen atom

[0224] Y′ denotes —COOH or the radical —CH₂—CHOH—SO₃H

[0225] R₂′ denotes an alkyl radical of an acid R₉—COOH present in copraoil or in hydrolysed linseed oil, an alkyl radical, especially C₇, C₉,C₁₁, or C₁₃, a C₁₇ alkyl radical and its iso form or an unsaturated C₁₇radical.

[0226] These compounds are classified in the CTFA dictionary, 5thedition, 1993, under the names Disodium Cocoamphodiacetate, DisodiumLauroamphodiacetate, Disodium Caprylamphodiacetate, DisodiumCapryloamphodiacetate, Disodium Cocoamphodipropionate, DisodiumLauroamphodipropionate, Disodium Caprylamphodipropionate, DisodiumCapryloamphodipropionate, Lauroamphodipropionic acid,Cocoamphodipropionic acid.

[0227] By way of example, there may be mentioned the cocoamphodiacetatemarketed under the trade name MIRANOL® C2M concentrated by the companyRHODIA CHIMIE.

[0228] (iv) Cationic Surfactants:

[0229] Among the cationic surfactants, there may be mentioned inparticular (nonlimiting list): the salts of optionallypolyoxyalkylenated primary, secondary or tertiary amines; quaternaryammonium salts such as tetraalkylammonium,alkylamidoalkyltrialkylammonium, trialkylbenzylammonium,trialkylhydroxyalkylammonium or alkylpyridinium chlorides or bromides;imidazoline derivatives or amine oxides of a cationic nature.

[0230] The quantities of surfactants present in the compositionaccording to the invention may vary from 0.01 to 40% and preferably from0.5 to 30% of the total weight of the composition.

[0231] Additional Thickening Agents

[0232] The compositions according to the invention may also containother rheology adjusting agents such as cellulosic thickeners(hydroxyethylcellulose, hydroxypropylcellulose, carboxymethylcellulose,and the like), guar gum and its derivatives (hydroxypropylguar and thelike), gums of microbial origin (xanthan gum, scleroglucan gum, and thelike), synthetic thickeners such as crosslinked homopolymers of acrylicacid and acrylamidopropanesulfonic acid and ionic or nonionicassociative polymers such as the polymers marketed under the namesPEMULEN® TR1 or TR2 by the company GOODRICH, SALCARE® SC90 by thecompany ALLIED COLLOIDS, ACULYN® 22, 28, 33, 44 or 46 by the companyROHM & HAAS and ELFACOS® T210 and T212 by the company AKZO.

[0233] These supplementary thickeners may represent from 0.01 to 10% byweight of the total weight of the composition.

[0234] The appropriate dyeing medium for the composition is preferablyan aqueous medium consisting of water and may advantageously containcosmetically acceptable organic solvents including more particularlyalcohols such as ethyl alcohol, isopropyl alcohol, benzyl alcohol andphenylethyl alcohol, glycols or glycol ethers such as, for example,monomethyl, monoethyl and monobutyl ethers of ethylene glycol, propyleneglycol or its ethers such as, for example, monomethyl ether of propyleneglycol, butylene glycol, dipropylene glycol as well as the alkyl ethersof diethylene glycol such as for example monoethyl ether or monobutylether of diethylene glycol. The solvents may then be present inconcentrations ranging from about 0.5 to 20% and preferably from about 2to 10% by weight relative to the total weight of the composition.

[0235] The composition A may also contain an effective quantity of otheragents, moreover previously known in oxidation dyeing, such as variouscustomary adjuvants such as sequestrants such as EDTA and etidronicacid, UV-screening agents, waxes, volatile or nonvolatile siliconeswhich are cyclic or linear or branched, organomodified (in particularwith amine groups) or otherwise, preservatives, ceramides,pseudoceramides, vegetable, mineral or synthetic oils, vitamins orprovitamins such as panthenol, opacifiers, associative polymers otherthan those of the present invention, and in particular nonionicassociative polyether-polyurethanes.

[0236] Said composition may also contain reducing agents orantioxidants. These may be chosen in particular from sodium sulfite,thioglycolic acid, thiolactic acid, sodium bisulfite, dehydroascorbicacid, hydroquinone, 2-methylhydroquinone, tert-butylhydroquinone andhomogentisic acid, and they are then generally present in quantitiesranging from about 0.05 to 3% by weight relative to the total weight ofthe composition.

[0237] Of course persons skilled in the art will be careful to choosethe possible additional compound(s) mentioned above so that theadvantageous properties intrinsically attached to the dyeing compositionaccording to the invention are not, or substantially not, impaired bythe envisaged addition(s).

[0238] In the ready-to-use composition or in the composition B, theoxidizing agent is preferably chosen from urea peroxide, alkali metalbromates or ferricyanides, persalts such as perborates and persulfates.The use of hydrogen peroxide is particularly preferred. This oxidizingagent advantageously consists of a solution of hydrogen peroxide whosetitre may vary more particularly from about 1 to 40 volumes, and stillmore preferably from about 5 to 40.

[0239] It is also possible to use as oxidizing agent one or moreoxidation-reduction enzymes such as laccases, peroxidases andoxidoreductases containing 2 electrons (such as uricase), whereappropriate in the presence of their respective donor or cofactor.

[0240] The pH of the ready-to-use composition applied to the keratinfibers [composition resulting from the mixture of the dyeing compositionA and of the oxidizing composition B], is generally between the valuesof 4 and 11. It is preferably between 6 and 10, and may be adjusted tothe desired value by means of acidifying or alkalinizing agents wellknown in the state of the art for dyeing keratin fibers.

[0241] Among the alkalinizing agents, there may be mentioned by way ofexample aqueous ammonia, alkali metal carbonates, alkanolamines such asmono-, di- and triethanolamines as well their derivatives,oxyethylenated and/or oxypropylenated ethylenediamines andhydroxyalkylamines, sodium or potassium hydroxides and compounds havingthe following formula (XXV):

[0242] in which R is a propylene residue optionally substituted with ahydroxyl group or a C₁-C₄ alkyl radical; R₃₈, R₃₉, R₄₀ and R₄₁, whichare identical or different, represent a hydrogen atom, a C₁-C₄ alkyl orC_(l)-C₄ hydroxyalkyl radical.

[0243] The acidifying agents are conventionally, by way of example,inorganic or organic acids such as hydrochloric acid, orthophosphoricacid, carboxylic acids such as tartaric acid, citric acid, lactic acidor sulfonic acids.

[0244] The dyeing method according to the invention preferably consistsin applying the ready-to-use composition, freshly prepared at the timeof use from the compositions A and B described above, to the dry or wetkeratin fibers, and in allowing it to act for an exposure timepreferably varying from 1 to 60 minutes approximately, and morepreferably from 10 to 45 minutes approximately, in rinsing the fibers,and optionally in washing them with shampoo, and then in rinsing themagain, and in drying them.

[0245] A variant of this method consists in taking a composition A′comprising at least one oxidation dye but with no cationic polymer ofthe invention, a composition A′ containing at least one cationicpoly(vinyllactam) according to the invention, and in mixing, at the timeof use, these compositions A′ and A″ with the composition B, and then inapplying and allowing the mixture obtained to act as before.

[0246] According to said methods, the compositions A, A′ and/or B maycontain in addition at least one additional cationic or amphotericpolymer and at least one surfactant.

[0247] A concrete example illustrating the invention is indicated below,without however exhibiting a limiting character.

EXAMPLE

[0248] The following compositions were prepared:

[0249] (quantities expressed in grams)

[0250] Oxidizing Composition:

[0251] Fatty alcohol . . . 2.3

[0252] Oxyethylenated fatty alcohol . . . 0.6

[0253] Fatty amine . . . 0.9

[0254] Glycerin . . . 0.5

[0255] Hydrogen peroxide . . . 7.5

[0256] Perfume . . . qs

[0257] Demineralized water . . . qs . . . 100

[0258] Dyeing Composition:

[0259] Oxyethylenated fatty alcohols . . . 32.5

[0260] Oleic acid . . . 2

[0261] Oleyl alcohol . . . 1.8

[0262] Fatty amide . . . 4

[0263] Glycerin . . . 3

[0264] Cationic polymer of formula (W)

[0265] as a 60% solution in water . . . 2

[0266] Amphoteric additional polymer

[0267] (Merquat 280) . . . 2

[0268] Sequestering agent . . . qs

[0269] Reducing agent . . . qs

[0270] Aqueous ammonia (20% NH3) . . . 8

[0271] Para-phenylenediamine . . . 0.324

[0272] 2-Methyl-4-aminophenol . . . 0.369

[0273] Polymer according to the invention**. 1.0AS*

[0274] Water qs . . . 100

[0275] AS*=Active Substance

[0276] The polymer according to the invention** is avinylpyrrolidone/dimethylaminopropylmethacrylamide/lauryldimethylmethacrylamidoammoniumchloride terpolymer provided by the company ISP under the referencePOLYMER ACP-1234.

[0277] The dyeing composition was mixed, at the time of use, in aplastic bowl and for 2 minutes, with the oxidizing composition givenabove, in an amount of 1 part of dyeing composition per 1.5 parts ofoxidizing composition.

[0278] The mixture obtained was applied to locks of natural grey hairwhich is 90% white and allowed to act for 30 minutes.

[0279] The locks were then rinsed with water, they were washed withstandard shampoo and again rinsed with water, and then dried anddisentangled.

[0280] The hair was then dyed in an intense red-purple.

1. Composition for the oxidation dyeing of keratin fibers, in particularhuman keratin fibers, and more particularly hair, comprising, in anappropriate dyeing medium, at least one oxidation dye, which ischaracterized in that it additionally contains at least one cationicpoly(vinyllactam) polymer comprising: a) at least one monomer of thevinyllactam or alkylvinyllactam type; b) at least one monomer having thefollowing structures (I) or (II):

in which: X denotes an oxygen atom or a radical NR₆, R₁ and R₆ denote,independently of each other, a hydrogen atom or a linear or branchedC₁-C₅ alkyl radical, R₂ denotes a linear or branched C₁-₄ alkyl radical,R₃, R₄ and R₅ denote, independently of each other, a hydrogen atom, alinear or branched C₁-C₃₀ alkyl radical or a radical of formula (III):—(Y₂)_(r)—(CH₂—CH(R₇)—O)_(x)—R₈  (III) Y, Y₁ and Y₂ denote,independently of each other, a linear or branched C₂-C₁₆ alkyleneradical, R₇ denotes a hydrogen atom, or a linear or branched C₁-C₄ alkylradical or a linear or branched C₁-C₄ hydroxyalkyl radical, R₈ denotes ahydrogen atom or a linear or branched C₁-C₃₀ alkyl radical, p, q and rdenote, independently of each other, either the value zero, or the value1, m and n denote, independently of each other, an integer ranging from0 to 100, x denotes an integer ranging from 1 to 100, Z denotes anorganic or inorganic acid anion, provided that: at least one of thesubstituents R₃, R₄, R₅ or R₈ denotes a linear or branched C₉-C₃₀ alkylradical, if m or n is different from zero, then q is equal to 1, if m orn are equal to zero, then p or q is equal to
 0. 2. The composition asclaimed in claim 1, characterized in that the vinyllactam oralkylvinyllactam monomer is a compound having the structure (IV):

in which: s denotes an integer ranging from 3 to 6, R₉ denotes ahydrogen atom or a C₁-C₅ alkyl radical, R₁₀ denotes a hydrogen atom or aC₁-C₅ alkyl radical, provided that at least one of the radicals R₉ andR₁₀ denotes a hydrogen atom.
 3. The composition as claimed in claim 2,characterized in that the monomer of formula (IV) is vinylpyrrolidone.4. The composition as claimed in any one of the preceding claims,characterized in that in formulae (I) or (II), the radicals R₃, R₄ andR₅ denote, independently of each other, a hydrogen atom or a linear orbranched C₁-C₃₀ alkyl radical.
 5. The composition as claimed in any oneof the preceding claims, characterized in that the monomer b) is amonomer of formula (I).
 6. The composition as claimed in claim 5,characterized in that in formula (I), m and n are equal to zero.
 7. Thecomposition as claimed in any one of the preceding claims, characterizedin that the counterion Z⁻ of the monomers of formula (I) is chosen fromthe halide ions, the phosphate ions, the methosulfate ion and thetosylate ion.
 8. The composition as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 7,characterized in that the cationic poly(vinyllactam) polymer(s) containone or more additional cationic or nonionic monomers.
 9. The compositionas claimed in claim 8, characterized in that the cationicpoly(vinyllactam) is a terpolymer comprising: a)—one monomer of formula(IV), b)—one monomer of formula (I) in which p=1, q=0, R₃ and R₄ denote,independently of each other, a hydrogen atom or a C₁-C₅ alkyl radicaland R₅ denotes a C₉-C₂₄ alkyl radical, and c)—one monomer of formula(II) in which R₃ and R₄ denote, independently of each other, a hydrogenatom or a C₁-C₅ alkyl radical.
 10. The composition as claimed in claim9, characterized in that the terpolymer comprises, by weight, 40 to 95%of monomer (a), 0.25 to 50% of monomer (b) and 0.1 to 55% of monomer(c).
 11. The composition as claimed in any one of the preceding claims,characterized in that the cationic poly(vinyllactams) are chosen fromthe terpolymersvinylpyrrolidone/dimethylaminopropylmethacrylamide/dodecyldimethylmethacrylamidopropylammoniumtosylate, the terpolymersvinylpyrrolidone/dimethylaminopropylmethacrylamide/cocoyldimethylmethacrylamidopropylammoniumtosylate, the terpolymersvinylpyrrolidone/dimethylaminopropylmethacrylamide/lauryldimethylmethacrylamidopropylammoniumtosylate or chloride.
 12. The composition as claimed in any one of thepreceding claims, characterized in that the weight-average molecularmass of the cationic poly(vinyllactams) is between 500 and 20 000 000,preferably between 200 000 and 2 000 000 and more preferably between 400000 and 800
 000. 13. The composition as claimed in any one of thepreceding claims, characterized in that the cationic poly(vinyllactam)or poly(vinyllactams) are used in a quantity varying from 0.01 to 10% byweight of the total weight of the composition.
 14. The composition asclaimed in claim 13, characterized in that the cationicpoly(vinyllactam) or poly(vinyllactams) are used in a quantity varyingfrom 0.1 to 5% by weight of the total weight of the composition.
 15. Thecomposition as claimed in any one of the preceding claims, characterizedin that the oxidation dye is chosen from oxidation bases and/orcouplers.
 16. The composition as claimed in claim 15, characterized inthat it contains at least one oxidation base.
 17. The composition asclaimed in claim 15 or 16, characterized in that the oxidation bases arechosen from ortho- or para-phenylenediamines, double bases, ortho- orpara-aminophenols and heterocyclic bases, as well as the addition saltsof these compounds with an acid.
 18. The composition as claimed in claim17, characterized in that the para-phenylenediamines are chosen from thecompounds having the following structure (IV):

in which: R₁ represents a hydrogen atom, a C₁-C₄ alkyl radical, amonohydroxy(C₁-C₄ alkyl) radical, a polyhydroxy(C₂-C₄ alkyl) radical, a(C₁-C₄)alkoxy(C₁-C₄)alkyl radical, a C₁-C₄ alkyl radical substitutedwith a nitrogen-containing group, a phenyl radical or a 4′-aminophenylradical; R₂ represents a hydrogen atom, a C₁-C₄ alkyl radical, amonohydroxy(C₁-C₄ alkyl) radical or a polyhydroxy-(C₂-C₄ alkyl) radical,a (C₁-C₄)alkoxy(C₁-C₄)alkyl radical or a C₁-C₄ alkyl radical substitutedwith a nitrogen-containing group; R₁ and R₂ may also form with thenitrogen atom carrying them a 5- or 6-membered nitrogen-containingheterocycle optionally substituted with one or more alkyl, hydroxyl orureido groups; R₃ represents a hydrogen atom, a halogen atom such as achlorine atom, a C₁-C₄ alkyl radical, a sulfo radical, a carboxylradical, a monohydroxy(C₁-C₄ alkyl) radical or a hydroxy(C₁-C₄ alkoxy)radical, an acetylamino(C₁-C₄ alkoxy) radical, a mesylamino(C₁-C₄alkoxy) radical or a carbamoylamino(C₁-C₄ alkoxy) radical, R₄ representsa hydrogen or halogen atom or a C₁-C₄ alkyl radical.
 19. The compositionas claimed in claim 17, characterized in that the double bases arechosen from the compounds having the following structure (V):

in which: Z₁ and Z₂, which are identical or different, represent ahydroxyl or —NH₂ radical which may be substituted with a C₁-C₄ alkylradical or with a linking arm Y; the linking arm Y represents a linearor branched alkylene chain comprising from 1 to 14 carbon atoms, whichmay be interrupted by or which may end with one or morenitrogen-containing groups and/or one or more heteroatoms such asoxygen, sulfur or nitrogen atoms, and optionally substituted with one ormore hydroxyl or C₁-C₆ alkoxy radicals; R₅ and R₆ represent a hydrogenor halogen atom, a C₁-C₄ alkyl radical, a monohydroxy(C₁-C₄ alkyl)radical, a polyhydroxy(C₂-C₄ alkyl) radical, an amino(C₁-C₄ alkyl)radical or a linking arm Y; R₇, R₈, R₉, R₁₀, R₁₁, and R₁₂, which areidentical or different, represent a hydrogen atom, a linking arm Y or aC₁-C₄ alkyl radical; it being understood that the compounds of formula(V) contain only one linking arm Y per molecule.
 20. The composition asclaimed in claim 17, characterized in that the para-aminophenols arechosen from the compounds having the following structure (VI):

in which: R₁₃ represents a hydrogen atom, a halogen atom such asfluorine, a C₁-C₄ alkyl, monohydroxy(C₁-C₄ alkyl),(C₁-C₄)alkoxy(C₁-C₄)alkyl or amino(C₁-C₄ alkyl) orhydroxy(C₁-C₄)alkylamino(C₁-C₄ alkyl) radical, R₁₄ represents a hydrogenatom or a halogen atom such as fluorine, a C₁-C₄ alkyl,monohydroxy(C₁-C₄ alkyl), polyhydroxy(C₂-C₄ alkyl), amino(C₁-C₄ alkyl),cyano(C₁-C₄ alkyl) or (C₁-C₄)alkoxy(C₁-C₄)alkyl radical.
 21. Thecomposition as claimed in claim 17, characterized in that theheterocyclic bases are chosen from pyridine derivatives, pyrimidinederivatives including pyrazolopyrimidines, and pyrazole derivatives. 22.The composition as claimed in any one of claims 15 to 21, characterizedin that the oxidation bases are present in concentrations ranging from0.0005 to 12% by weight relative to the total weight of the composition.23. The composition as claimed in claim 15, characterized in that thecouplers are chosen from eta-phenylenediamines, meta-aminophenols,meta-diphenols, heterocyclic couplers, and the addition salts of thesecompounds with an acid.
 24. The composition as claimed in either ofclaims 15 and 23, characterized in that the couplers are present inconcentrations ranging from 0.0001 to 10% by weight relative to thetotal weight of the composition.
 25. The composition as claimed in anyone of claims 15 to 24, characterized in that the addition salts with anacid of the oxidation dyes are chosen from hydrochlorides,hydrobromides, sulfates, tartrates, lactates and acetates.
 26. Thecomposition as claimed in any one of the preceding claims, characterizedin that it contains, in addition, direct dyes.
 27. The composition asclaimed in any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that itcontains in addition at least one amphoteric polymer or one cationicpolymer different from the cationic poly(vinyllactam) orpoly(vinyllactams) as defined in any one of claims 1 to
 12. 28. Thecomposition as claimed in claim 27, characterized in that the cationicpolymer is a quaternary polyammonium consisting of recurring unitscorresponding to the following formula (W):


29. The composition as claimed in claim 27, characterized in that thecationic polymer is a quaternary polyammonium consisting of recurringunits corresponding to the following formula (U):


30. The composition as claimed in claim 27, characterized in that theamphoteric polymer is a copolymer comprising at least as monomersacrylic acid and a salt of dimethyldiallylammonium.
 31. The compositionas claimed in any one of claims 27 to 30, characterized in that thecationic or amphoteric polymer(s) represent from 0.01% to 10%,preferably from 0.05% to 5%, and even more preferably from 0.1% to 3% byweight, of the total weight of the composition.
 32. The composition asclaimed in any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that itcontains at least one surfactant chosen from anionic, cationic, nonionicor amphoteric surfactants.
 33. The composition as claimed in claim 32,characterized in that the surfactants represent 0.01 to 40% andpreferably from 0.5 to 30% by weight, of the total weight of thecomposition.
 34. The composition as claimed in any one of the precedingclaims, characterized in that it contains at least one additionalthickening agent.
 35. The composition as claimed in claim 34,characterized in that the additional thickening agent is a cellulosederivative, a guar derivative, a gum of microbial origin or a syntheticthickener.
 36. The composition as claimed in claim 34 or 35,characterized in that the additional thickening agent(s) represent 0.01to 10% by weight of the total weight of the composition.
 37. Thecomposition as claimed in any one of the preceding claims, characterizedin that it contains in addition at least one reducing agent, inquantities ranging from 0.05 to 3% by weight relative to the totalweight of the composition.
 38. The composition as claimed in any one ofthe preceding claims, characterized in that it contains in addition anoxidizing agent and in that it is ready for use.
 39. The composition asclaimed in claim 38, characterized in that the oxidizing agent is chosenfrom hydrogen peroxide, urea peroxide, alkali metal bromates orferricyanides, persalts, oxidation-reduction enzymes with optionallytheir respective donor or cofactor.
 40. The composition as claimed inclaim 39, characterized in that the oxidizing agent is hydrogenperoxide.
 41. The composition as claimed in claim 40, characterized inthat the oxidizing agent is a hydrogen peroxide solution whose titervaries from 1 to 40 volumes.
 42. The composition as claimed in claim 38,characterized in that it has a pH ranging from 4 to
 11. 43. A method fordyeing keratin fibers, and in particular human keratin fibers such ashair, characterized in that it consists in applying to the fibers atleast one composition A containing, in an appropriate dyeing medium, atleast one oxidation dye, the color being developed at alkaline, neutralor acidic pH with the aid of a composition B containing at least oneoxidizing agent, which is mixed just at the time of use with thecomposition A or which is applied sequentially without intermediaterinsing, at least one cationic poly(vinyllactam) as defined in any oneof claims 1 to 12 being present in the composition A or in thecomposition B or in each of the compositions A and B.
 44. The method asclaimed in claim 43, characterized in that it consists in applying theready-to-use composition, freshly prepared at the time of use from thecompositions (A) and (B) described above, to the dry or wet keratinfibers, and in allowing it to act for an exposure time varying from 1 to60 minutes approximately, and preferably from 10 to 45 minutes, inrinsing the fibers, and then optionally in washing them with shampoo,and then in rinsing them again, and in drying them.
 45. A method fordyeing keratin fibers and in particular human keratin fibers such ashair, characterized in that it consists in applying to the dry or wetkeratin fibers the ready-to-use composition, freshly prepared at thetime of use from a composition A′ comprising at least one oxidation dye,but with no cationic poly(vinyllactam) defined in any one of claims1-12, another composition A′ containing at least one cationicpoly(vinyllactam) defined in any one of claims 1 to 12, and an oxidizingcomposition B, in allowing to act for an exposure time varying from 1 to60 minutes approximately, and preferably from 10 to 45 minutes, inrinsing the fibers, and then optionally in washing them with shampoo,and then in rinsing them again, and in drying them.
 46. The method asclaimed in either of claims 43 and 44, characterized in that thecomposition A and/or the composition B contain in addition at least onecationic or amphoteric polymer as defined in any one of claims 27 to 31and at least one surfactant.
 47. The method as claimed in claim 45,characterized in that the composition A′ and/or the composition Bcontain in addition at least one cationic or amphoteric polymer asdefined in any one of claims 27 to 31 and at least one surfactant.
 48. Atwo-compartment device or “kit” for dyeing keratin fibers and inparticular human keratin fibers such as hair, characterized in that onecompartment contains a composition A1 containing, in an appropriatedyeing medium, at least one oxidation dye, and in that anothercompartment contains a composition B1 containing, in an appropriatedyeing medium, an oxidizing agent, at least one cationicpoly(vinyllactam) as defined in any one of claims 1-12 being present inthe composition A1 or the composition B1, or in each of the compositionsA1 and B1.
 49. A three-compartment device for dyeing keratin fibers andin particular human keratin fibers such as hair, characterized in that afirst compartment contains a composition A2 containing, in anappropriate dyeing medium, either at least one oxidation dye, a secondcompartment contains a composition B2 containing, in an appropriatedyeing medium, at least one oxidizing agent, and a third compartmentcontains a composition C containing, in an appropriate dyeing medium, atleast one cationic poly(vinyllactam) as defined in any one of claims1-12, it being also possible for the composition A2 and/or thecomposition B2 to contain a cationic poly(vinyllactam) as defined inclaims 1-12.